Exposure
The exposure determines on how light or dark a photograph is after capturing the image. When the photograph is over exposed the image becomes white, when it's under exposed then the photograph becomes black or dark. Below shows a perfect exposure shoot.
aperture
Aperture is the hole within the lens, which lets light travels into the camera body. Aperture is easier to understand if we think about our eyes. Every camera is designed like a human eyes except the image stays forever, and what we see fades. The cornea in our eye is like the lens of the camera - it gathers all external light, then bends it and passes it to the iris. The iris can either expand or shrink, like the size of a camera lens. This allows light to travel deeper into the eye, like it does in a camera.
shutter speed
The shutter speed determines when the camera sensor will be open or closed and the amount of light in lets in to the lens. The shutter speed refers to how long light is allowed to enter a camera.
Shutter Speed Typical Example
1 - 30+ Seconds Night and low-light photos mostly taken on tripods.
2 - 1/2 Seconds Adds a silky look to flowing water.
1/2 to 1/30 second Adds motion blur to the background of a moving object.
1/50 - 1/100 second Typical hand-held photos without substantial zoom.
1/250 - 1/500 second To freeze everyday sports/action subject movement.
1/1000 - 1/4000 second To freeze extremely fast, up-close subject motion.
1 - 30+ Seconds Night and low-light photos mostly taken on tripods.
2 - 1/2 Seconds Adds a silky look to flowing water.
1/2 to 1/30 second Adds motion blur to the background of a moving object.
1/50 - 1/100 second Typical hand-held photos without substantial zoom.
1/250 - 1/500 second To freeze everyday sports/action subject movement.
1/1000 - 1/4000 second To freeze extremely fast, up-close subject motion.
depth of field
A camera can only focus its lens on one single point, but there will be an area that stretches in front of and behind this focus point that still appears sharp. This zone is known as the depth of field. It’s not a fixed distance, it changes in size and can be described as either ‘shallow’ (where only a narrow zone appears sharp) or deep (where more of the picture appears sharp).
viewpoints
Viewpoint is defined as the angle, direction or stance from which you choose to shoot each image.
focus
Photography is practically married to sharpness. An image that is completely sharp is said to be in-focus. An image that’s completely blurry is said to be unfocused.
rule of thirds
The “Rule of Thirds” one of the first things that budding digital photographers learn about in classes on photography and rightly so as it is the basis for well balanced and interesting shots.
white balance
White balance helps us get the colour in our photographs as accurate as possible.